Is it permissible to postpone the payment of the vow amount that was promised to be given as charity to students of knowledge after it was recovered, due to an urgent need for money to pay debts and dues, while recording this in the will until it is possible to pay it?

A vow (nadhr (definition)) is not binding unless it is articulated with words that indicate commitment. If the vow is binding, it must be fulfilled immediately upon the return of the money. It is not permissible to benefit from it or use it to pay off debts, due to the Almighty's saying: "And among them are those who made a covenant with Allah, [saying], 'If He should give us from His bounty, we will surely spend in charity, and we will surely be among the righteous.'" However, if the vow is not binding, then it is permissible to benefit from the money.