Must one make up prayers missed due to ignorance regarding the obligation of ghusl after foreplay and the emission of seminal fluid, and due to previous negligence in prayer earlier in life? And how are they to be made up if obligatory?

If semen is discharged due to foreplay with the husband, ghusl (ritual bath) becomes obligatory. Prayer without ghusl is not valid, and it must be made up according to the majority of scholars. However, some scholars hold that making it up is not obligatory. As for the discharge of pre-seminal fluid (madhy), it does not necessitate ghusl, but rather wudu' (ablution). Prayers missed after puberty must be made up according to the majority of scholars, and they should be made up to the best of one's ability, without causing harm.