What is the ruling of Islamic law on a man perfuming himself while fasting in Ramadan and outside of Ramadan, mentioning the opinions of the four imams and their evidence?

It is permissible for a fasting person to use perfume according to the Hanafis, Malikis, Shafi'is, and Hanbalis. The permissibility is indicated by the absence of any evidence prohibiting it, and because it is neither eating nor drinking, nor in their meaning. Some Shafi'is and Hanbalis held the view that it is disliked. As for those who recommended refraining from it, they considered it part of abandoning the desires that are recommended for a fasting person, but the intended meaning of 'desires' in the hadith is sexual intercourse, and one is not required to abandon desires other than sexual intercourse, food, and drink, such as sleep, shade, and perfuming oneself.