Is disbelief (kufr) of one type or of multiple types? And is the one who abandons prayer an absolute disbeliever, or is his disbelief a lesser disbelief? And is the narration transmitted from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) "disbelief short of disbelief and transgression short of transgression" authentic or impugned?

Disbelief (kufr) has types, as mentioned by scholars. Among them is major disbelief (kufr akbar) which expels one from the fold of Islam. Ibn Al-Qayyim enumerated it in five categories: disbelief of denial (kufr al-takdheeb), disbelief of arrogance (kufr al-istikbar), disbelief of aversion (kufr al-i'rad), disbelief of doubt (kufr al-shakk), and disbelief of hypocrisy (kufr al-nifaq). As for minor disbelief (kufr asghar), it is what the Sharia has termed as disbelief while the individual's Islam remains valid, such as swearing by other than Allah or fighting a Muslim. Scholars have differed regarding the ruling on one who abandons prayer, whether it is major or minor disbelief. As for the narration from Ibn Abbas interpreting the verse: "And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed – then it is those who are the disbelievers" (Quran 5:44) as "disbelief short of disbelief" (kufr doona kufr), its chain of narration is not sound due to the weakness of Hisham bin Hujayr. Moreover, Abdullah bin Tawus, who is trustworthy, contradicted him with the wording "it is disbelief thereby" (hiya bihi kufr), which can signify both major and minor disbelief. Some forms of judging by other than what Allah has revealed are considered minor disbelief by consensus, while others are major disbelief depending on the state of the ruler and the nature of his judgment.