When is it obligatory for a capable adult to strive to earn a living, and is it permissible for him to remain without work to seek knowledge while depending on his father for his livelihood?
Seeking sustenance is obligatory for the able-bodied to secure essential provisions for themselves and for those whose maintenance is their responsibility. However, if a father willingly provides for his son's expenses, the son is not obligated to earn. Jurists have held that earning is obligatory for the needy if they are able, because through it, the individual fulfills the financial obligations incumbent upon them. Ibn Muflih al-Hanbali detailed the ruling on earning, stating that it is (recommended) when sufficiency is met, permissible for increasing wealth, prestige, and enjoyment, and obligatory for one who lacks sustenance, for those whose maintenance is their responsibility, and for one who has a debt, a vow, or an expiation. Al-Mawardi opines that a person's pursuit of earnings to the extent of their sufficiency is the most praiseworthy state for seekers. Therefore, if the father is content to provide for his son while he pursues knowledge, there is no sin upon him. But if the father refuses to provide, then the son is obligated to earn.
Summary from Ftawy's records · added here
Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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