Is Zakat obligatory on the the expected profits of the company's projects, which have not yet entered its account?

Fixed assets are not subject to Zakat (definition). Projects that generate profit are also not subject to Zakat unless their profits have been received and a full year has passed over them, in which case Zakat becomes due at a rate of 2.5%. As for the debt owed by the institution, the majority of scholars hold that it should be deducted from the funds you possess. However, the new opinion of the Shafi'i school is that debts are not deducted from Zakat funds, and this is the more cautious view. The Maliki school, and the fatwa (definition) followed by us, is that debt is deducted from Zakat, unless you have non-Zakat-eligible funds that can be used to offset the debt.