What is the reprehensible "takalluf" (overburdening/exaggeration) in Islamic law, concerning sayings and actions, along with examples?

Pretentiousness (takalluf) is blameworthy and forbidden. It means a person claiming what they do not possess. Some forms of it include: a person undertaking what they are not good at or what they do not have comprehensive knowledge of, and a person asking questions pretentiously which might distress or embarrass someone. This is indicated by the Almighty’s saying: "Say, 'I ask you no reward for it, nor am I of the pretentious (mutakallifeen).'"

Among the signs of a pretentious person is that they challenge those superior to them, attempt to achieve what is unattainable, and speak about what they do not know.

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade pretentiousness towards a guest, and the hadiths also indicate the prohibition of pretentious questions that might cause embarrassment.

Therefore, a pretentious person is one who demands what is not theirs, or claims knowledge of what they do not know.