How do we reconcile what modern physics has concluded—that the sun is stationary and does not move by itself—with what is mentioned in the Qur’an and Sunnah about the sun's جريان (running/moving) and its motion?
Kepler's laws and those of other astronomers are scientific theories to explain cosmic phenomena, not fixed scientific facts, and have undergone many modifications and corrections. Among these is what researcher Muhammad Tayseer Al-Tamimi proved in 2010 when he published a study titled "The Collapse of Kepler's First Law," in which he demonstrated that the tilt of the Earth's equator is not constant, that the orbits of the solar system do not lie on a horizontal plane, and that the Sun is not located at one of the foci, as Kepler's theory assumes. A distinction should be made between facts and theories, and there is still scientific debate about the issue of the Sun's movement and how it occurs.
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Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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