Is addressing the Prophet by his mere name, such as "O Muhammad," considered a lack of etiquette or is it permissible?
Allah Almighty says: {Do not make the calling of the Messenger among you as your calling one another} [An-Nur: 63]. Al-Alusi explained the verse that the calling should be with "O Prophet of Allah" or "O Messenger of Allah" with reverence and humility, and not by his mere name or raising one's voice, based on the saying of Ibn Abbas that the Companions used to say: "O Muhammad, O Abul-Qasim," so Allah Almighty forbade them from that, and this ruling continues after his death, peace and blessings be upon him. What is mentioned in the tashahhud and the like is not a call but a testimony and an affirmation.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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