Is it possible to know precise details about the lifespan of each prophet for the purposes of a doctoral research on the genetic evolution and variation of humans?

It is not possible to know the ages of all the prophets, because the Holy Quran states that there were messengers whose stories Allah related to His Prophet Muhammad and others whose stories He did not relate to him, as in His Almighty saying: "And [We sent] messengers about whom We told you before and messengers about whom We have not told you" [An-Nisa: 164]. And His Almighty saying: "And We have certainly sent messengers before you. Among them are those We have related [their stories] to you, and among them are those We have not related [their stories] to you" [Ghafir: 78]. One must believe in them in general, without specifying their number or their ages.