What is the ruling on a man participating in another's business by providing only capital, with the possibility that the other might sell alcohol in his shop? And is it permissible to lend him money as an alternative to participation?

Scholars dislike partnership with those who do not avoid the unlawful, such as a disbeliever or a Muslim who does not seek out the lawful, because a disbeliever does not avoid the unlawful in his dealings and thus introduces it to his partner. So, if the partner will invest the money in unlawful activities, such as selling alcohol, then it is not permissible to partner with him, nor to lend him money if he will use it in his prohibited project, so that the Muslim does not become an aid to him in disobeying Allah, in accordance with His saying: "And cooperate not in sin and aggression."