Is it true that Mu'awiya (may Allah be pleased with him) was the first to openly defy the rulings of Islam by claiming Ziyad as his son, and does he have an excuse for that, and what is the summary of the jurists' opinions regarding the affiliation of a child born out of wedlock?
Source: FtawySummarized from the full answer at Ftawy · imported Sep 2, 2026
Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) acknowledged Ziyad ibn Abih as the son of Abu Sufyan. This has been mentioned by exegetes. Perhaps Mu'awiyah's excuse (may Allah be pleased with him) was that the Prophet's concerning this had not reached him.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · imported
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