How do we reconcile the two differing opinions regarding the Basmalah being an ayah of the Fatiha, and the fact that the Holy Quran is preserved from addition and omission?
The Qur'anic manuscripts differed on whether the Basmala is considered a verse in Al-Fatihah. The Kufic and Makki manuscripts counted it as a verse, unlike others. This difference is not considered a distortion; rather, it is one of the manifestations of the multiplicity of authentic, continuously transmitted Qur'anic recitations, all of which are sound, and it aligns with the scripts of the Qur'anic manuscripts written by the Companions. There are other examples of differences in letters between the manuscripts regarding affirmation and omission, such as the variations in recitations of the Almighty's saying: "وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ" (and whoever turns away - then indeed, Allah is the Free of need, the Praiseworthy), and in "وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَاهَا" (and he fears not its consequence) or "فَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَاهَا" (then he fears not its consequence), and in "وَمَا يَخَادِعُونَ" (and they deceive not) or "وَمَا يَخْدَعُونَ" (and they deceive), and in "سَيُغْلَبُونَ وَيُحْشَرُونَ" (they will be overcome and gathered) or "سَتُغْلَبُونَ وَتُحْشَرُونَ" (you will be overcome and gathered), and similarly in "تَجْرِي تَحْتَهَا" (flowing beneath it) with the addition or omission of "من" (from), and in "وَسَارِعُوا" (and hasten) or "سَارِعُوا" (hasten) with or without the letter waw.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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