Is it permissible to withdraw the money remaining in the bank—which I considered usury and did not withdraw—in order to complete a government transaction, provided that the same amount is donated as charity after a month, or is it obligatory to borrow from others?

Usurious interest is not a legitimate possession for its owner. It should be withdrawn from the bank and spent on public welfare projects or given to the poor and needy. If the questioner is poor, there is no sin in him taking from it an amount sufficient for his needs. The fact that a person finds someone to lend him money does not make him rich. It is permissible to take from these interests what is sufficient to cover the costs of necessary governmental transactions, if the questioner has no other money.