Is it permissible to use cracked versions of Windows and Photoshop for design work and to earn money, then purchase the original versions after generating profits from these designs?

It is never permissible to use non-original software. Even if some scholars have permitted its use for personal benefit and not for commercial purposes, it is not permissible to use it for earning money, even with the intention of absolving oneself from infringing upon the rights of its owners after earning.