What is the ruling on one who threw the Qur’an on the ground while in a state of extreme anger?

If one does this out of mockery, while being aware of their action, then they have exited Islam, based on the words of Allah Almighty: "Say, 'Is it Allah and His verses and His Messenger that you were mocking?' Make no excuses; you have disbelieved after your belief."

If one does this not out of mockery, and they were aware of what they were doing, then they have committed a grave sin that necessitates repentance, because they performed an act that contradicts the glorification and veneration of the Book of Allah.

However, if their action occurred in a state where they were not aware of what they were doing, then there is nothing upon them. This is evidenced by the action of Moses, peace be upon him, when he cast down the tablets while he was angry.