Is it permissible to enter into a business partnership with a non-Muslim, where this partnership involves providing a fixed sum of money in exchange for predetermined profits?

The aforementioned transaction is a mugarabah (profit-sharing partnership) that is invalid, due to the condition of a specific amount of capital. The correct approach is for it to be based on a known percentage of the profit. Scholars have unanimously agreed that the worker may stipulate a known percentage of the profit from the capital owner, not a fixed sum.

It is disliked for a Muslim to partner with a non-Muslim in trade and to associate with them, based on the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "Do not associate except with a believer, and let no one eat your food except a pious person," and "A man is upon the religion of his friend, so let each of you look at whom he befriends."