Is the zakat paid before performing the prayer—whose time has passed due to not knowing the prayer time and relying on the husband's word—considered zakat or sadaqah? If it is sadaqah, how is zakat to be made up?

Giving out Zakat (definition) al-Fitr on the day of Eid after the prayer is permissible and is considered valid zakat. This is the opinion of the majority of scholars, though it is more complete to give it out before the prayer. The jurists from the four madhhabs explicitly stated the preference for giving it out before going to the prayer. The Hanbalis further added that delaying it until after the prayer is disliked (makrooh). As for Ibn Hazm al-Zahiri, he said it is obligatory to give it out before the prayer. There is no blame on the questioner for delaying it until after the prayer, especially with the mistake.