What is the ruling on the Salah of Qasr (shortening prayers) and Friday prayer for 19 young men studying in Italy for a known period, given that there is disagreement among them regarding these issues?

It is not permissible to shorten the prayer (qasr) when residing in a country if one intends to stay there for four days or more, according to the majority of scholars, or for more than twenty prayers, according to the Hanbalis, or for fifteen days including the day of arrival, according to the Hanafis. Therefore, whoever shortens their prayer while being a resident must make up the full prayer, unless they follow the opinion of some scholars who permit shortening for those who do not intend a permanent stay, even if the duration is long. However, the opinion of the majority is more cautious. If there is no Friday prayer available in the area or an insufficient number of Muslims, then the Dhuhr (noon) prayer should be performed. There should be no disagreement in jurisprudential matters; rather, one should refer to the opinion of scholars and follow what they have agreed upon, and those who wish may follow (taqleed) in matters where they have differed.