Does the oath, "By God, I will finish everything," take effect if it was said in a state of anger and without specifying what was meant, and then the anger subsided and things returned to normal?

It appears that what was sworn upon was the termination of your relationship, and you have broken your oath, as everything has returned to how it was. Therefore, an expiation for breaking an oath is incumbent upon you. The anger of the swearer does not prevent the oath from becoming binding as long as he is aware of what he is saying. However, if he is not aware of what he is saying, then his oath is considered a vain oath (laghw).