Do prayer and fasting become invalid due to masturbation out of ignorance of the ruling in past years, and is it obligatory to make up for the fasting? And is performing ghusl for it similar to performing ghusl after menstruation sufficient? And what are the characteristics of the semen of an unmarried woman?

It is not permissible for a woman to arouse her own desires, as it involves an impermissible transgression that contradicts the preservation of chastity. This is considered masturbation, which is forbidden by Islamic law, and its prohibition is even stricter during Ramadan. It also has health detriments. She must repent, seek forgiveness, and immediately cease this disobedience.

Regarding its effect on prayer and fasting: If the discharge is maniyy (seminal fluid), then ghusl (ritual bath) is obligatory, and any prayer performed before it is invalidated. Fasting is invalidated if it is discharged during the daytime, and a make-up fast is required without expiation. If it is madhiy (pre-seminal fluid), then istinja' (cleaning oneself) and washing whatever parts of the body and clothes it touched are required; ghusl is not obligatory, and it does not affect the fast. If she is unsure whether it is maniyy or madhiy, she may consider it either. If she does not know whether she did it during the day while fasting, no make-up fast is required of her. There is no difference between the ghusl for menstruation and the ghusl for janabah (ritual impurity requiring ghusl) in terms of method and encompassing the entire body, and there is no difference between the maniyy of a married woman and an unmarried woman.