How does one who joins the congregational 'Isha prayer in its last rak'ah make up the remaining rak'ahs according to the Hanafi madhhab, and are there differing opinions within the madhhab regarding the method of making them up?
The preferred opinion according to the Hanafis is that what the latecomer (masbuq) catches up with the imam is the end of his prayer, and what he makes up is the beginning of his prayer. Therefore, the preferred opinion is that he makes up the recitation in two rak'ahs and makes up the in the first of the rak'ahs to be made up. So, whoever catches up with one rak'ah of a four-rak'ah prayer stands after the imam's salutation, recites Al-Fatiha and a , then recites the tashahhud, then stands and recites Al-Fatiha and a surah, then performs the third rak'ah with Al-Fatiha only. There is another opinion, not the preferred one, which states that the tashahhud is made up in the second of the rak'ahs to be made up.
Summary from Ftawy's records · added here
Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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