What is the ruling on a man's private part merely touching a woman's private part during the daytime in Ramadan, and what is the ruling on half of the glans being inserted on another day in Ramadan, and what is the expiation for each of these two acts, knowing that the woman is not his wife?

Flirting between non-mahram individuals is forbidden. Both the man who touches a woman unlawful to him, and the woman, must repent to Allah. If a man inserts his glans completely into a woman's vagina, their fast is broken and expiation becomes obligatory, according to the consensus of jurists. However, inserting only part of the glans does not break the man's fast and no rulings are entailed for him, whereas it does break the woman's fast if anything reaches her internal cavity.