What is the difference between disbelief (kufr) and apostasy/heresy (zandaqah)?
"Zandaqa" is an Arabicized term derived from Persian speech, applied to anyone who casts doubt on the religion or denies anything that has been revealed in it, or to someone who conceals disbelief while outwardly professing Islam, or to specific sects such as the Jahmiyyah, Mu'tazilah, and Dahriyyah. The jurists have agreed that zandaqa is an act of disbelief (kufr), and that the zindeeq (heretic) falls under the description of hypocrites in the Qur'an and .
Kufr (disbelief) is the opposite of Iman (faith). It can be by word, such as blaspheming God or the religion; or by action, such as prostrating to an idol; or by belief, such as believing in the permissibility of deviating from the . Ibn Hazm defined kufr as denying anything that God has obligated belief in, after the establishment of proof.
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