Is it permissible for a husband to be absent from his wife for more than a year to work abroad, without her consent and without his ability to bring her over or find work in his country?

A husband is not permitted to be absent from his wife for more than six months, except with her consent, or if there is a legitimate or necessary excuse. Among the acceptable excuses are his travel to perform the Hajj pilgrimage or for Jihad, as well as his travel to earn essential sustenance for which there is no alternative, provided that he leaves her with sufficient financial support and ensures someone will care for her.