What is the ruling on blood that continues to flow from a woman after forty days following childbirth, is it considered menses (hayd) or abnormal uterine bleeding (istihada), and how should she pray in this situation?

The most preponderant opinion is that blood after the forty-day period is istihada (vaginal bleeding outside of menstruation), unless it coincides with the usual period of menstruation or is distinguishable by the color and odor of menstrual blood, in which case it is considered menstruation. If it is confirmed to be istihada blood, then she performs ghusl (ritual bath) and prays after binding the affected area and performing wudu (ablution) for the time of each prayer.