What is the ruling regarding the 'awrah (intimate parts) of a female slave, and is it permissible to harm or harass her? And what is the interpretation of Umar ibn Al-Khattab's action in uncovering the head covering of a female slave?
Scholars have differed concerning the awrah (intimate parts) of a slave woman. The majority opinion is that it is from the navel to the knee. The Hanafis held that her awrah is like that of a free woman in relation to her mahārim (unmarriageable kin). Some Hanbalis and Ibn Hazm were of the opinion that her awrah is the same as that of a free woman. The more preponderant view distinguishes between the awrah of a slave woman and what is permissible to look at. Her awrah in prayer is from the navel to the knee, but concerning the matter of looking, the slave woman is like the free woman; there is no difference between them in terms of temptation (fitnah). So, what is covered to prevent fitnah must be covered by a slave woman just as it is covered by a free woman. If a beautiful slave woman poses a risk of fitnah, then she must cover her entire body in the matter of looking. It is not permissible to assault slave women. The one who exposes himself to them has a diseased heart, and he falls under the warning mentioned for hypocrites and those with diseased hearts. The action of Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, in preventing slave women from imitating free women in covering their faces, confirms that the believing women in the verse of hijāb are free women, not slave women.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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