ما هو سبب نزول سورة الفتح؟

Reliable reports indicate that Surat Al-Fath (The Victory) was revealed due to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and the events surrounding it. It was revealed immediately after this treaty, while the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was on his way back to Medina.

This is further confirmed by what Al-Bukhari and Muslim narrated from Sahl ibn Hunaif that Umar ibn Al-Khattab asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) after the treaty: "Is it a victory?" The Prophet replied: "Yes."

Al-Bukhari also narrated from Zayd ibn Aslam that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) recited Surat Al-Fath to him after it was revealed to him, saying: "Tonight, a Surah has been revealed to me, which is dearer to me than all that the sun has risen upon." Then he recited: "Indeed, We have granted you a clear victory." (Quran 48:1)

The majority of the Salaf and imams of tafsir, including Al-Wahidi, Ibn Atiyyah, and Al-Shanqiti, affirm that the "victory" referred to in the Surah is the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, because it was a great triumph that paved the way for large numbers of people to embrace Islam and strengthened the Muslim community.