Does the examination on the Day of Resurrection apply to Christians who claim the divinity of Jesus, peace be upon him, and who are mentioned in the Holy Quran, by analogy with the disbeliever who did not hear about Islam and was unable to know the true religion despite his attempt?

The ruling concerning disbelievers whom the message has not reached includes all disbelievers who either have not heard of it at all, or have not heard of it in a sound way that would establish proof against them, and were unable to access the light of prophethood. This is from Allah's mercy upon His servants, for Allah does not punish except those to whom He has sent a messenger, thereby establishing proof against them, as the texts indicate, such as His saying, the Most High: (And We would not punish until We had sent a messenger) [Al-Isra/15]. So, whoever has not received the message of the Messenger does not deserve punishment and has an argument with which to plead for himself before Allah. This is what the Salaf and the Imams adopted, contrary to those who said that proof is established by reason or those who permitted punishing someone against whom proof was not established. As for whoever had proof established against them and did not believe, they are among the people of Hellfire. And those against whom proof was not established in this world, such as children and people of the fatras (intervals between prophets), they will be tested on the Day of Resurrection.