Is it permissible to perform prayers as make-ups due to the short time between prayers in winter and the difficulty of reconciling them with performing surgical operations?

Prayers must be performed at their appointed times, and it is not permissible to delay them except for an excuse that allows combining two prayers, as Allah Almighty says: (Indeed, prayer has been decreed upon the believers a timed ordinance) (An-Nisa 4:103). Delaying prayer beyond its time without a valid excuse is considered a major sin. It is permissible to combine the Dhuhr and Asr prayers, and the Maghrib and Isha prayers, either by performing them earlier (jama' taqdim) or later (jama' ta'khir), when there is an excuse that removes hardship and difficulty, such as a doctor fearing that he will leave an operation after the prayer time has ended, in which case he combines the prayers by performing them earlier or later. The evidence for this is the Prophet (peace be upon him) combining prayers in Medina without fear or rain, so as not to burden his Ummah. As for the Fajr prayer, it cannot be combined with any other prayer.