How did Islam spread from the Arabian Peninsula to Europe, and what was its impact on Christians in the West and the East, with a detailed explanation of the religious ideas of Prophet Muhammad and their effect on his life and society in the seventh century CE, and the history of the spread of Islam after his death?

Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, came with revelation from Allah, and he was of the noblest lineage. He was sent with prophethood at the age of forty, and the first revelation he received was: "Recite in the name of your Lord who created." His call began secretly for three years, then Allah commanded him to make it public. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, called for the worship of Allah alone, the abandonment of polytheism, and commanded prayer, charity, chastity, fulfilling covenants, and returning trusts. After his passing, the Rightly Guided Caliphs succeeded him: Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, Umar ibn Al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali ibn Abi Talib. The Prophet's character was the Quran, embodying all noble qualities, which had a great impact on people embracing Islam. Islam reached Europe through conquests, trade, Muslim migration, Islamic callers (Du'at), the influence of the Ottoman Empire, the conversion of native Europeans, and the increasing numbers of Muslims and the spread of mosques and Islamic centers.