What is the ruling on receiving annual interest from an amount deposited in a commercial bank, knowing that one is unable to invest it through trade, and fears its loss, and that it is the sole source of income, and zakat is paid from it, and given the existing difference of opinion among jurists regarding its permissibility?

What banks do is prohibited usury (riba), and it is not permissible to deposit money in them, even if one disposes of the interest; because it is assisting them in usury. Allah the Almighty said: "And do not cooperate in sin and aggression."

If you are unable to invest your money, then place it with someone you trust or in an Islamic bank. If that is not possible and you fear your money will be lost, then it is permissible to place it in a usurious bank out of necessity, provided it is placed in a current account and not invested (mudarabah). You are obligated to pay zakat on it.

If you stipulated no investment (mudarabah) but they invested it anyway and generated interest for it, then take it and give it to the poor and needy. Allah the Almighty has definitively settled the matter of usury with His saying: "O you who have believed, fear Allah and give up what remains [due to you] of usury, if you should be believers. And if you do not, then be informed of a war [against you] from Allah and His Messenger. But if you repent, you may have your principal – [thus] you do no wrong, nor are you wronged." Therefore, whoever deals with it after this has undertaken a great risk.