How can writing poetry and thoughts be deemed unlawful and their author sinful, despite it being a blessing from Allah for expressing feelings and emotions, especially since the Prophet (PBUH) listened to poetry and did not forbid it, nor did he forbid the amatory prelude of a poem?

Poetry, like speech, has its good and its bad, and it is not inherently disliked. The Companions and scholars composed poetry, and there is a need for it to understand the Arabic language and to cite it in interpretations. The ruling on poetry varies: some is desirable, such as praising Allah and His Messenger, words of wisdom and admonition, and defending Islam. It can be a communal obligation (fard kifayah) for understanding the rules of Arabic, which are necessary for comprehending the Qur'an and Sunnah. It can be permissible if it does not contain anything forbidden, and forbidden if it undermines creed or morals, calls to falsehood, or slanders people. It can even reach the level of disbelief and atheism if it advocates for abandoning religions and promiscuity. The dispraise of poets mentioned in the Qur'an and Sunnah does not include those who believe and do good deeds; rather, it is specific to those who exaggerate and lie, or who become preoccupied with poetry to the exclusion of their religion, or whose poetry involves flirtatious descriptions of women or baseless satire.