What are the conditions for fasting?

The conditions for fasting are of three types:

Firstly: Conditions for Obligation: 1. Adulthood (Baligh): Fasting is not obligatory upon a child. 2. Capability: It is not obligatory upon one who is unable to fast due to old age or illness. 3. Residency (Iqama): It is not obligatory upon a traveler.

Secondly: Conditions for Validity: 1. Intention (Niyyah): It must be made during the night. 2. Discernment (Tamyiz): It is not valid from a child who lacks discernment. 3. Time Permitting Fasting: It is not valid on prohibited days.

Thirdly: Conditions for both Obligation and Validity: 1. Islam: The action of a disbeliever or an apostate is not accepted. 2. Sanity: The pen is lifted from the insane. 3. Purity from Menstrual and Post-natal Bleeding: It is forbidden for them to fast, and they must make up the missed days.