Is it permissible for a father to be angry with his daughter and withhold her allowance merely because she changed her university major, knowing that she has never disobeyed him before?

We advise you to gently persuade your father about your new decision, explaining that it is for your benefit and his. If he is convinced, then that is good. If he is not convinced, then find someone he respects to persuade him. If he responds, then that is what is desired. If he does not respond, then we advise you to obey your father. Perhaps that will be a reason for your situation in the department to change from failure to success, by the blessing of filial piety and his prayers.