Is it permissible to consider one's children among the debtors (gharimin) for Zakat purposes to pay a deferred dower (mu'akhkhar as-sadaq), if the payment was made before the intention of Zakat and before the completion of the hawl (one year)?

The deferred dowry is a debt upon the husband. It is permissible for a husband who is unable to pay it to receive zakat (definition) to the extent of his debt. It is permissible for a father to give his zakat to his son to pay off his debt, provided that the debt is not due to an obligatory maintenance expense owed by the father to his son. The money you received from your father is not considered zakat, because your father did not intend it as zakat when he gave it to you.