Is it permissible to start the day with rutab (fresh dates) instead of tamr (dried dates) for protection against poison and sorcery, and is it permissible to eat seven dates or rutab after morning if breakfast is delayed, and does that have an effect on protection?

The apparent meaning of the agreed-upon hadith is that the virtue of "whoever eats seven 'ajwah dates every morning will not be harmed by poison or magic on that day" is specific to eating them in the morning (before eating any other food) and is particular to the 'ajwah dates of Medina. As for eating any type of date, at any hour of the night or day, it is permissible.