What is meant by the words "Al-Aḥwaṭ" (the more cautious/preferable), "Al-Wujūb" (obligation), and "Al-Jawāz" (permissibility)?

The word "al-ahwat" (the most cautious) among scholars means to adopt that which is reliable, most scrupulous, most absolving of responsibility, and furthest from doubt. It is a superlative form derived from caution (al-hita). "Al-wujub" (obligation) is the demand for an action in a definitive and binding manner; its doer is rewarded, and its abstainer is punished. As for "al-jawaz" (permissibility), it is the choice between performing and refraining from an action, and it is also expressed as al-ibaha (allowance).