Is it permissible to chat with a girl online, provided the conversation is free of any unlawful speech, for the purpose of getting to know her as a prelude to marriage after finishing studies, given that a formal engagement is currently difficult due to her parents' refusal?

The fundamental principle is that the relationship between a man and a woman must be governed by Islamic law, meaning it is only permissible through a lawful marriage. A man should not converse with a woman, or vice versa, unless there is a need, and while adhering to the strictures of Islamic law and ethics to avoid temptation. For, "I have not left behind me any temptation more harmful to men than women" (narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim). Allah Almighty warns against following the footsteps of Satan: "O you who have believed, do not follow the footsteps of Satan. And whoever follows the footsteps of Satan - indeed, he enjoins immorality and wrongdoing" (An-Nur: 21). Whoever wishes to marry should inquire about the suitor's circumstances, character, and religiosity. This cannot be achieved through online conversations due to the corrupting influences therein. Therefore, the aforementioned girl is a stranger to you, and it is not permissible to chat with her or communicate in any other way. Since you cannot marry her now, do not occupy yourself with her, and focus on your studies and seeking knowledge. After completing them, you can propose to her or to someone else, and you should sincerely supplicate to Allah to facilitate what is good for you.