How will the disbeliever be held accountable on the Day of Resurrection, seeing that he is not obligated by religious duties as the believer is?

The summary of the fatwa (definition) is that the disbeliever is addressed and held accountable for the branches of Sharia (definition) and the obligations enjoined upon believers. This is indicated by Allah's words in Surat Al-Muddaththir: "Except the companions of the right; In gardens, they will ask one another About the criminals, [And ask them], "What put you into Saqar?" They will say, "We were not of those who prayed, Nor did we feed the needy, And we used to enter into vain discourse with those who entered, And we used to deny the Day of Recompense," and His saying: "Say, "Who has forbidden the adornment of Allah which He has produced for His servants and the good things of provision?" Say, "They are for those who believe during the worldly life [and] exclusively for them on the Day of Resurrection."" This is also affirmed by logic; just as Allah punishes the believer for their shortcomings in religion, He punishes the disbeliever for the same, and even punishes them for the permissible things they enjoyed in this world. Their reckoning on the Day of Resurrection will be one of disgrace before witnesses, unlike the believer who will be given an easy reckoning and forgiven.