Does the description of Muhammad as "unlettered" (ummi) refer to his association with Mecca, the Mother of Cities, and not indicate his inability to read or write?
The noble verse in Surat Al-A'raf mentions the attribute of "illiteracy" (ummiyyah) for the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. Scholars have agreed that its meaning is "one who does not write or read." Scholars have differed on the origin of the word "ummi": some said it is attributed to the mother (umm), due to his inability to read and write, or to his state at birth. Others attributed it to "Mecca, the Mother of all Towns" (Umm al-Qura) or to "his nation" (ummah). The Holy Quran has confirmed that the Prophet did not read any book or write with his right hand, in order to dispel doubts about his message. His being illiterate was among his greatest virtues and miracles, because he received knowledge directly through divine revelation without the need for human intermediaries such as reading and writing.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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