What is the meaning of Al-Qurtubi's statement, "Our scholars said: The causes of killing are ten according to the evidence received," when he interpreted verse 145 of Surat Al-An'am?
It is not permissible to deliberately kill a soul except for ten reasons. Killing without a just cause is among the greatest sins. The justifiable reasons for killing include: intentional killing, adultery after having been previously married (ihsan), apostasy from faith, highway robbery (hirabah), sorcery, rebellion, sodomy, bestiality, innovation in religion (bid'ah), abandoning prayer, and intending aggression against lives and honor. Some scholars have added to these reasons the killing of an aggressor (sail), which is for defense and not for deliberate intent. The application of these hudud (punishments) must be carried out by the ruler or his deputy. It is not permissible to kill an aggressor if he can be repelled by another means that causes less harm.
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