Is it permissible to supplicate with phrases such as "O Allah, grant us human perfection" and "O Allah, grant us a life filled with acts of obedience, free from disobedience"?

There is no harm in supplicating with the two aforementioned supplications. It is preferable for a Muslim to supplicate to Allah with comprehensive supplications that encompass the good of both this world and the Hereafter, especially those narrated in the Qur'an and Sunnah. One should avoid innovative and elaborate supplications, based on Aisha's statement: "The Messenger of Allah - may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him - used to prefer comprehensive supplications and abandon what was other than that."