Are the People of the Book at the present time believers or disbelievers in Islam?
The legal texts indicate that whoever professes a religion other than Islam is an infidel (kafir), and that the People of the Book who did not believe in Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, are infidels. The permissibility of eating the food of the People of the Book does not contradict the ruling on their infidelity, because those who permitted their food are the same ones who ruled them to be infidels. The promise of Paradise for Christians or Jews in the Holy Quran is for those among them who were monotheists and believed in their prophets, and did not live to see the advent of Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him.
The contemporary People of the Book are of two types: those to whom the call of Islam has reached and they have not believed, so they are infidels and will abide eternally in Hellfire; and those to whom it has not reached, they are infidels in this world, and in the Hereafter they will be tested. Whoever denies the infidelity of Jews and Christians, or doubts it, is an infidel.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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