Why does the manner of recitation (silently and audibly) differ among the obligatory prayers?
Islamic Sharia is built upon the principle of bringing about benefits and warding off harms, and this is indicated by numerous texts from the Quran and Sunnah, such as the Almighty's saying: (And We have not sent you, [O Muhammad], except as a mercy to the worlds). Knowing these wisdoms increases a Muslim's tranquility, but some of them may be hidden, and clinging to them may lead to confusion, weaken obedience, and even lead to disbelief, as happened to Iblis. Therefore, a believer must submit absolutely to Allah's rulings. If the wisdom appears, then praise be to Allah; if it does not appear, then one should submit to it. As for the wisdom behind differentiating between night and day prayers in terms of vocalization (Jahr) and quietness (Israr), Ibn Al-Qayyim sees that night is a time for quiet sounds and unburdened hearts, thus it is suitable for prolonged recitation and vocalizing it. Whereas the day is a place of preoccupations, so its recitation is quiet except in large congregations. Scholars have mentioned other wisdoms, but the most important is submission to Allah's command: (We hear and we obey. [We seek] Your forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the [final] return).
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