Is it permissible to obtain an interest-bearing loan from a non-Islamic bank to cover expenses after being laid off, knowing that it will not be deducted from the salary but rather from the bank’s insurance?

The aforementioned transaction is invalid and prohibited, because borrowing from a usurious bank is fundamentally impermissible, as its strong prohibition has been established by the Qur'an, Sunnah (definition), and scholarly consensus. What further increases the sin is that you would borrow while knowing you will be unable to repay when the due date arrives. This constitutes devouring people's wealth unjustly and deception. The fact that the bank is usurious or owned by non-Muslims does not permit taking the loan, for people's wealth is inviolable, even if they are disbelievers.