What deeds are annulled by abandoning the 'Asr prayer, and does this refer only to the deeds of that day, given that there are deeds which are not annulled?

Scholars have differed regarding the meaning of the annulment of deeds (huboot al-amal) mentioned in the Hadith: "Whoever misses the 'Asr prayer, his deeds are annulled." Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar preferred that it is a severe warning and not to be taken literally, whereas Ibn al-Qayyim preferred that what is meant is the annulment of the deeds of that specific day. Ibn Abd al-Barr, in Al-Tamheed, mentioned that the meaning of "his deeds are annulled" is that he loses the reward for praying on time, and it does not mean the annulment of all righteous deeds, emphasizing that only disbelief annuls deeds entirely. If the meaning is as Ibn al-Qayyim preferred, then it includes the annulment of every deed on that day.