What is the duty of a Muslim citizen towards a ruler who alters Sharia rulings and replaces them with man-made laws, and what is the ruling on such a ruler? And when and how does rebellion against the ruler occur, what are its controls, and what is the responsibility of scholars in this situation?

The ruling on governing by other than what Allah has revealed and when it constitutes major or minor disbelief has been detailed previously. As for the issue of rebelling against the ruler, it is obligatory to denounce him verbally for whoever is able, especially scholars, based on the hadith (definition): "Religion is naseeha (sincere advice)." And for whoever is unable to denounce him verbally, he must denounce him with his heart, based on the hadith: "Indeed, there will be rulers over you whom you will recognize and denounce. So whoever dislikes [their actions] has freed himself, and whoever denounces [them] has saved himself. But whoever approves and follows..." They said: "O Messenger of Allah, should we not fight them?" He said: "No, as long as they establish prayer." And one should strive for wisdom and a good approach in offering advice, especially to those in authority, for the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: "Whoever wishes to advise a ruler, let him not do so openly, but rather let him take him by the hand and be alone with him. If he accepts it from him, then that is good; otherwise, he has fulfilled his duty."