To what extent does a physician guarantee against professional error, taking into account that success and failure are both possibilities?

A physician is responsible for any mistakes he makes concerning his patient. This responsibility varies depending on the type and degree of the error. Islamic law has affirmed the principle of medical responsibility, as indicated in the prophetic Hadith: "Whoever practices medicine without having been known for it before, he is liable." This Hadith is considered a foundational principle for holding an ignorant person accountable if he treats someone else and causes harm through his treatment.

Accountability applies to someone who is completely ignorant and also to someone who is partially ignorant, such as one who excels in one branch of medicine but is ignorant of the specific branch in which he treated the patient.

As for unintentional errors, such as a physician's hand slipping, there is no sin incurred, based on the Quranic verse: (And there is no blame upon you for that in which you have erred, but [only for] what your hearts intended). However, the perpetrator is liable to guarantee what resulted from his error. If the physician performs his work skillfully and had no part in the harm that occurred, he is not liable.