What is the ruling on someone who intentionally broke their fast for 19 days in Ramadan 12 years ago due to studying, then made up some of the days without specifying their number, and fasted on Mondays and Thursdays for a period without the intention of making up the fast? How should she make up the days, and what are the consequences for her?

You must make up for what clears your conscience. If you are unsure about the number of days you have made up from the debt and their number is not clear to you, then take the lesser number. What you fasted voluntarily on Mondays and Thursdays can be counted as a make-up fast if you intended it as such; otherwise, it will not, and it is hoped that it will be counted as a voluntary fast. You are also required to pay a minor expiation (feeding one needy person for each day) for delaying the make-up until the next Ramadan if the delay was without a valid excuse. We note that intentionally breaking the fast in Ramadan is one of the major sins and requires repentance. If the breaking of the fast was due to sexual intercourse, then the person must pay the major expiation.